HISTORY OF EARTH

More than 4.5 billion years ago the Milky Way galaxy collided with a nearby dwarf galaxy ,

this encounter hastened the formation of stars our solar system is a part of the Milky Way galaxy 

within the solar system material circulation had been progressing. 

the water component from the outer region evaporated to make materials dry, through this process particles were zonally distributed depending on their water content, the bipolar flow stopped and with it material circulation some regions around the Sun with high particle density appeared within these regions collisions frequently occurred small particles gradually grew to become planetesimals

planetesimals continued colliding with smaller particles and other planetesimals eventually growing to planets such as the earth,  a number of planets were moving in the same orbit the early Earth collided with a smaller mars-sized planet, debris from this impact eventually came to form our moon the earth-moon system as we know it today was in place, 

countless planetesimals and icy planets bombarded the early dry earth, due to the bombarding water enriched planetesimals the earth became enveloped by an ocean atmosphere system, water vapor in the atmosphere produced rain forming an ocean the atmospheric pressure gradually decreased, the carbon dioxide rich atmosphere transitioned into a co2 ocean covering the water ocean carbon dioxide also combined with rock components and was transported to the bottom of the ocean through weathering and erosion.

at this time the ocean was still toxic with a high salinity and an overabundance of metals it was too toxic to support life upwelling mantle displaced the oceanic plates above, uplift of the plate by mantle convection caused horizontal slippage due to the weight of the plate ,this is plate tectonics in action 

the oceanic plate subducting under the lighter continental plate weathered sediments neutralized the ultra acidic ocean heavy metals settled out and became fixed as deposits at the mid-ocean ridge these deposits were transported through plate tectonics into the deep mantle, gradually the ocean became a habitable environment, by 4.2 billion years ago a liquid core formed in the center of the earth convection within the liquid core created a strong magnetic field surrounding the earth this geomagnetic field shields the Earth's surface from cosmic rays ,the Earth's surface was nearing readiness for life 

the early Earth when the atmosphere prevented sunlight from reaching the surface primitive life was about to emerge underground in the cave of a geyser, uranium ore emitted large amounts of radiation creating a diverse range of materials and eventually producing the early building blocks of life, water boiled and rose up to the surface and the surface water flowed back down into the natural nuclear reactor the temperature of the geyser water remained below 100 degrees protecting the newly formed biomolecules the underground environment was reductive while the surface environment oxidizing these conditions were necessary to synthesize biomolecules.

visit here: long history of earth

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